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__NOTOC__
 
This page shows the notable differences that appear in the First Folio publication of ''Hamlet'' as compared to the Second Quarto publication, in Scene 20, with analysis of those differences.  These Folio Difference Notes are coordinated with the regular Notes on the Scene page.
 
This page shows the notable differences that appear in the First Folio publication of ''Hamlet'' as compared to the Second Quarto publication, in Scene 20, with analysis of those differences.  These Folio Difference Notes are coordinated with the regular Notes on the Scene page.
       
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=====006=====
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''Worse then the mutines in the {bilbo} [bilboes].  Rashly,''<br>
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'''bilbo'''<br>
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'''bilboes'''
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It seems the plural was commonly used in conversation, as the First Folio shows.  However, for Hamlet's exact point about sleeping poorly, the fact of it being only one bar is paramount.  The Second Quarto probably shows Shakespeare's word, and the Folio has an editor's conventionalization.
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Return:  [[Scene 20#20-006]]
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=====009=====
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''When our {deep} [dear] plots do {fall} [pall], & that should {learn} [teach] us''<br>
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'''deep'''<br>
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'''dear'''
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Also,<br>
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'''fall'''<br>
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'''pall'''
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Also,<br>
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[[File:Second Quarto learn us.jpg|right|"learn us" in the Second Quarto]]
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[[File:Folio teach us.jpg|right|"teach us" in the First Folio]]
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'''learn'''<br>
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'''teach'''
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The word ''learn'' in the Second Quarto is correct to Shakespeare's hand.  At least, there is no reason to suppose otherwise.  The question becomes whether Shakespeare himself later changed the word to ''teach,'' as the First Folio has it, or whether the First Folio editor changed the word because of his own grammatical preference.  (There is no difference in the plain meaning of the line.)
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An argument can be found for Shakespeare himself changing the word, since ''teach'' goes back to Old English 'tæcan' which had "to show" prominent among its definitions.  The Show Theme is preponderant in ''Hamlet.''  On that thematic basis, ''teach'' gains authorial credibility, so I use it in the play dialogue.
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Return:  [[Scene 20#20-009]]
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=====018=====
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''My fears forgetting manners, to {unfold} [unseal]''<br>
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'''unfold'''<br>
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'''unseal'''
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Return:  [[Scene 20#20-018]]
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=====029=====
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Return:  [[Scene 20#20-029]]
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=====058=====
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''Was our sea fight, and what to this was {sequent} [cement]''<br>
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'''sequent'''<br>
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'''sement''' (cement)
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Shakespeare's ultimate choice of word for this line was probably "cement" as shown in the Folio.  Compare the following.
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BOOKMARK
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''Antony and Cleopatra'' Act 2 scene 1
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Pompey:  ... but how the fear of us
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        May cement their divisions and bind up  [Original spelling "Ciment"]
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        The petty difference, we yet not know.
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        ...
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''Antony and Cleopatra'' Act 3 scene 2
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Octavius:  ... Most noble Antony,
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        Let not the piece of virtue, which is set
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        Betwixt us as the cement of our love,  [[Original spelling "Cyment"]
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        ...
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''The Passionate Pilgrim'' through line number 179
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As broken glasse no symant can redresse.  [Original spelling]
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Return:  [[Scene 20#20-058]]
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=====156=====
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''bet against the Danish.  Why is this {all} [impawned as] you call it?''<br>
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'''all'''<br>
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'''impawned as'''
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Return:  [[Scene 20#20-156]]
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=====248=====
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''But since he is {better} [bettered], we have therefore odds.''<br>
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'''better'''<br>
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'''bettered'''
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The word ''better'' is correct in the Second Quarto, where the line is spoken to Hamlet.  The word ''bettered'' in the First Folio means the line is spoken to Laertes.  Hamlet is ''bettered'' by Laertes.
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The word change obviously implies a difference in how the moment is played.  In the Second Quarto, Claudius merely continues speaking to Hamlet.
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In the First Folio, Laertes glances at Claudius, and raises an eyebrow, after Hamlet's line 246, when Hamlet speaks of "odds."  We take it Claudius has not fully briefed Laertes about the setup for the match.  When Claudius thought of a handicap to encourage Hamlet to participate, he didn't tell Laertes about it, before he went ahead with having Ostrick tell Hamlet about it.  Hamlet's mention of "odds" is the first Laertes has heard of a handicap.  It surprises Laertes and earns Claudius a raised eyebrow.  Not that Laertes cares.  The outcome he plans has nothing to do with any bet or handicap.
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In the Folio, the lack of full communication between Claudius and Laertes is an ominous sign for the success of their conspiracy.
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In performance, if Claudius continues speaking to Hamlet, he says ''better.''
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If the company chooses to play it in the more complicated way described, with the line being spoken to Laertes, Claudius says ''bettered.''  Laertes gives a little shrug, and turns to the foils.
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Both words are probably correct to Shakespeare's hand, for differences in performance, with the Folio version being more ominous.
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Return:  [[Scene 20#20-248]]
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=====257=====
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''And in the cup an {onyx} [union] shall he throw,''<br>
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'''onyx'''<br>
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'''union'''
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There's no reason to doubt ''onyx'' is the correct word in the publication of the Second Quarto.  I explain in the regular Notes how Claudius has done advance planning to palm an onyx.
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The First Folio substitutes the word ''union'' however.  That change is probably from Shakespeare himself, for theatrical performance, since the ''onyx'' is not theatrical.  By design, Claudius's slight of hand maneuver with the palmed onyx is invisible to the theater audience.  The ''onyx'' doesn't "show" on stage.
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So, Shakespeare changed the word to "union," for theatrical performance, in order to get a spoken effect the audience could appreciate.  The Folio difference in this line is probably a "page versus stage" adaptation done by the author.
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Return:  [[Scene 20#20-257]]
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=====314=====
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''In thee there is not half an {hour's} [hour of] life;''<br>
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'''hour's'''<br>
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'''hour of'''
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Return:  [[Scene 20#20-314]]
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=====315=====
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''The treacherous instrument is in {my} [thy] hand,''<br>
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'''my'''<br>
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'''thy'''
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From the Second Quarto word, ''my,'' we understand Hamlet dropped the poisoned foil, or tossed it aside, as he went to Gertrude.  Laertes then picked it up.  So, Laertes says "my."
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The Folio word "thy" has less credibility, as it seems unlikely Hamlet would continue to hold the foil as he hurries to his mother.  In performance, it will burden the Hamlet actor and restrict his movements.  There is no problem for the Hamlet actor to get the foil back, to wound Claudius, he simply takes it from Laertes when Laertes retrieves it and holds it up.
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The Folio wording probably reflects its editor's failure to perceive that Hamlet dropped the foil when he rushed to Gertrude.  Otherwise, we are looking at slightly different ways of performing the Scene.
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Return:  [[Scene 20#20-315]]
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=====386=====
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''Of deaths put on by cunning, and {for no} [forced] cause,''<br>
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'''for no'''<br>
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'''forced'''
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Return:  [[Scene 20#20-386]]
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=====395=====
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''Horatio:  Of that I shall have {also} [always] cause to speak,''<br>
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'''also'''<br>
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'''always'''
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The Second Quarto word ''also'' is the easier to read for plain sense.  That is not necessarily a point in its favor in Shakespeare's writing.  There's no reason to doubt Shakespeare wrote "also" at some point in his development of the play.  However, is it credible he changed ''also'' to ''always'' during revision or fine tuning of the dialogue, so that the Folio has correctly caught the change?
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The First Folio word ''always'' can mean "at any time," which does include "later."  There is a "later" idea in what Horatio says in this speech, as he goes on to say he wants to talk about the tragic sequence of events first, before going into Hamlet's endorsement of Fortinbrasse.  It is not an easy interpretation, but ''always'' can be read to make good sense in context.
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''Always,'' as found in the Folio, does have some credibility as Shakespeare's final choice of word here.  BOOKMARK for me, more here
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Return:  [[Scene 20#20-395]]
    
=====406=====
 
=====406=====

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